Federal Republic of Vietcamlao
30.03.2009 22:32
The Articles of Confederation To all to whom these Presents shall come, we the undersigned Delegates of the 5 States affixed to our Names send greeting. Articles of Confederation and perpetual UNI0N between the states of North Viet, Central Viet, South Viet, Laos and Cambodia
I. The Stile of this Confederacy shall be "Federal Republic of Vietcamlao". II. Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled. III. The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretense whatever. IV. The better to secure and perpetuate mutual friendship and intercourse among the people of the different States in this UNI0N, the free inhabitants of each of these States, paupers, vagabonds, and fugitives from justice excepted, shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the several States; and the people of each State shall free ingress and regress to and from any other State, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of trade and commerce, subject to the same duties, impositions, and restrictions as the inhabitants thereof respectively, provided that such restrictions shall not extend so far as to prevent the removal of property imported into any State, to any other State, of which the owner is an inhabitant; provided also that no imposition, duties or restriction shall be laid by any State, on the property of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, or either of them. If any person guilty of, or charged with, treason, felony, or other high misdemeanor in any State, shall flee from justice, and be found in any of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao States, he shall, upon demand of the Governor or executive power of the State from which he fled, be delivered up and removed to the State having jurisdiction of his offense. Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these States to the records, acts, and judicial proceedings of the courts and magistrates of every other State. V. For the most convenient management of the general interests of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, delegates shall be annually appointed in such manner as the legislatures of each State shall direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday in September, in every year, with a powerreserved to each State to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send others in their stead for the remainder of the year. No State shall be represented in Congress by less than two, nor more than seven members; and no person shall be capable of being a delegate for more than three years in any term of six years; nor shall any person, being a delegate, be capable of holding any office under the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, for which he, or another for his benefit, receives any salary, fees or emolument of any kind. Each State shall maintain its own delegates in a meeting of the States, and while they act as members of the committee of the States. In determining questions in the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled, each State shall have one vote. Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Congress, and the members of Congress shall be protected in their persons from arrests or imprisonments, during the time of their going to and from, and attendence on Congress, except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace. VI. No State, without the consent of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled, shall send any embassy to, or receive any embassy from, or enter into any conference, agreement, alliance or treaty with any King, Prince or State; nor shall any person holding any office of profit or trust under the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, or any of them, accept any present, emolument, office or title of any kind whatever from any King, Prince or foreign State; nor shall the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility. No two or more States shall enter into any treaty, confederation or alliance whatever between them, without the consent of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for which the same is to be entered into, and how long it shall continue. No State shall lay any imposts or duties, which may interfere with any stipulations in treaties, entered into by the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled, with any King, Prince or State, in pursuance of any treaties already proposed by Congress, to the courts of France and Spain. No vessel of war shall be kept up in time of peace by any State, except such number only, as shall be deemed necessary by the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled, for the defense of such State, or its trade; nor shall any body of forces be kept up by any State in time of peace, except such number only, as in the judgement of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison the forts necessary for the defense of such State; but every State shall always keep up a well-regulated and disciplined militia, sufficiently armed and accoutered, and shall provide and constantly have ready for use, in public stores, a due number of field pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition and camp equipage. No State shall engage in any war without the consent of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled, unless such State be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have received certain advice of a resolution being formed by some nation of Indians to invade such State, and the danger is so imminent as not to admit of a delay till the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled can be consulted; nor shall any State grant commissions to any ships or vessels of war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration of war by the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled, and then only against the Kingdom or State and the subjects thereof, against which war has been so declared, and under such regulations as shall be established by the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled, unless such State be infested by pirates, in which case vessels of war may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so long as the danger shall continue, or until the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled shall determine otherwise. VII. When land forces are raised by any State for the common defense, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each State respectively, by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such State shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which first made the appointment. VIII. All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the common defense or general welfare, and allowed by the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several States in proportion to the value of all land within each State, granted or surveyed for any person, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such mode as the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled, shall from time to time direct and appoint. The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several States within the time agreed upon by the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled. IX. The Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled, shall have the sole and exclusive right and power of determining on peace and war, except in the cases mentioned in the sixth article — of sending and receiving ambassadors — entering into treaties and alliances, provided that no treaty of commerce shall be made whereby the legislative power of the respective States shall be restrained from imposing such imposts and duties on foreigners, as their own people are subjected to, or from prohibiting the exportation or importation of any species of goods or commodities whatsoever — of establishing rules for deciding in all cases, what captures on land or water shall be legal, and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the service of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao shall be divided or appropriated — of granting letters of marque and reprisal in times of peace — appointing courts for the trial of piracies and felonies commited on the high seas and establishing courts for receiving and determining finally appeals in all cases of captures, provided that no member of Congress shall be appointed a judge of any of the said courts. The Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled shall also be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differences now subsisting or that hereafter may arise between two or more States concerning boundary, jurisdiction or any other causes whatever; which authority shall always be exercised in the manner following. Whenever the legislative or executive authority or lawful agent of any State in controversy with another shall present a petition to Congress stating the matter in question and praying for a hearing, notice thereof shall be given by order of Congress to the legislative or executive authority of the other State in controversy, and a day assigned for the appearance of the parties by their lawful agents, who shall then be directed to appoint by joint consent, commissioners or judges to constitute a court for hearing and determining the matter in question: but if they cannot agree, Congress shall name three persons out of each of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, and from the list of such persons each party shall alternately strike out one, the petitioners beginning, until the number shall be reduced to thirteen; and from that number not less than seven, nor more than nine names as Congress shall direct, shall in the presence of Congress be drawn out by lot, and the persons whose names shall be so drawn or any five of them, shall be commissioners or judges, to hear and finally determine the controversy, so always as a major part of the judges who shall hear the cause shall agree in the determination: and if either party shall neglect to attend at the day appointed, without showing reasons, which Congress shall judge sufficient, or being present shall refuse to strike, the Congress shall proceed to nominate three persons out of each State, and the secretary of Congress shall strike in behalf of such party absent or refusing; and the judgement and sentence of the court to be appointed, in the manner before prescribed, shall be final and conclusive; and if any of the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority of such court, or to appear or defend their claim or cause, the court shall nevertheless proceed to pronounce sentence, or judgement, which shall in like manner be final and decisive, the judgement or sentence and other proceedings being in either case transmitted to Congress, and lodged among the acts of Congress for the security of the parties concerned: provided that every commissioner, before he sits in judgement, shall take an oath to be administered by one of the judges of the supreme or superior court of the State, where the cause shall be tried, 'well and truly to hear and determine the matter in question, according to the best of his judgement, without favor, affection or hope of reward': provided also, that no State shall be deprived of territory for the benefit of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao. All controversies concerning the private right of soil claimed under different grants of two or more States, whose jurisdictions as they may respect such lands, and the States which passed such grants are adjusted, the said grants or either of them being at the same time claimed to have originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall on the petition of either party to the Congress of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, be finally determined as near as may be in the same manner as is before presecribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between different States.
The Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective States — fixing the standards of weights and measures throughout the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao — regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians, not members of any of the States, provided that the legislative right of any State within its own limits be not infringed or violated — establishing or regulating post offices from one State to another, throughout all the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, and exacting such postage on the papers passing through the same as may be requisite to defray the expenses of the said office — appointing all officers of the land forces, in the service of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, excepting regimental officers — appointing all the officers of the naval forces, and commissioning all officers whatever in the service of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao — making rules for the government and regulation of the said land and naval forces, and directing their operations. The Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled shall have authority to appoint a committee, to sit in the recess of Congress, to be denominated 'A Committee of the States', and to consist of one delegate from each State; and to appoint such other committees and civil officers as may be necessary for managing the general affairs of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao under their direction — to appoint one of their members to preside, provided that no person be allowed to serve in the office of president more than one year in any term of three years; to ascertain the necessary sums of money to be raised for the service of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, and to appropriate and apply the same for defraying the public expenses — to borrow money, or emit bills on the credit of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, transmitting every half-year to the respective States an account of the sums of money so borrowed or emitted — to build and equip a navy — to agree upon the number of land forces, and to make requisitions from each State for its quota, in proportion to the number of white inhabitants in such State; which requisition shall be binding, and thereupon the legislature of each State shall appoint the regimental officers, raise the men and cloath, arm and equip them in a solid-like manner, at the expense of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao; and the officers and men so cloathed, armed and equipped shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled. But if the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled shall, on consideration of circumstances judge proper that any State should not raise men, or should raise a smaller number of men than the quota thereof, such extra number shall be raised, officered, cloathed, armed and equipped in the same manner as the quota of each State, unless the legislature of such State shall judge that such extra number cannot be safely spread out in the same, in which case they shall raise, officer, cloath, arm and equip as many of such extra number as they judeg can be safely spared. And the officers and men so cloathed, armed, and equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled. The Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled shall never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque or reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses necessary for the defense and welfare of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on the credit of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, nor appropriate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels of war, to be built or purchased, or the number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander in chief of the army or navy, unless nine States assent to the same: nor shall a question on any other point, except for adjourning from day to day be determined, unless by the votes of the majority of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled. The Congress of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao shall have power to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place within the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, so that no period of adjournment be for a longer duration than the space of six months, and shall publish the journal of their proceedings monthly, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances or military operations, as in their judgement require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the delegates of each State on any question shall be entered on the journal, when it is desired by any delegates of a State, or any of them, at his or their request shall be furnished with a transcript of the said journal, except such parts as are above excepted, to lay before the legislatures of the several States. X. The Committee of the States, or any nine of them, shall be authorized to execute, in the recess of Congress, such of the powers of Congress as the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao in Congress assembled, by the consent of the nine States, shall from time to time think expedient to vest them with; provided that no power be delegated to the said Committee, for the exercise of which, by the Articles of Confederation, the voice of nine States in the Congress of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao assembled be requisite. XI. Canada acceding to this confederation, and adjoining in the measures of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, shall be admitted into, and entitled to all the advantages of this UNI0N; but no other colony shall be admitted into the same, unless such admission be agreed to by nine States. XII. All bills of credit emitted, monies borrowed, and debts contracted by, or under the authority of Congress, before the assembling of the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, in pursuance of the present confederation, shall be deemed and considered as a charge against the Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, for payment and satisfaction whereof the said Federal Republic of Vietcamlao, and the public faith are hereby solemnly pleged. In Witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands in Congress. Done at Da Nang in the State of Central Viet the 1st day of September in the Year of Two Thousand and Ten Premier of North Viet, Premier of Central Viet, Premier of South Viet, Premier of Cambodia, Premier of Laos
Local companies hope to build fuel pipeline from Vietnam
Two local companies have expressed interest in helping the government seek a grant for the construction of a fuel reserve tank in Vietnam and a pipeline to transport fuel to Laos .
Phanga Kuang Meuang Consulting Company Chairman, Mr Aythong Heuangvonghao, yesterday said his company and the Vientiane WERC company would seek government permission to represent the country in sourcing funding for the project.
“We know of an international finance institute where we can get the grant,” he said.
“The government does not need to pay anything, but only sign an agreement to allow us to do the work.”
He said the companies wanted the government to give them the power to construct and operate the fuel reserve and its supply facilities under the government concession format.
“If we can get the grant to construct the facility, we should benefit from the project,” he said.
Mr Aythong said he did not want to disclose the name of the international finance institution.
He said the Malaysian petroleum company Petronas had agreed to supply fuel to the Lao government through the company at a cheaper price than fuel currently imported from Thailand .
A memorandum of understanding was signed yesterday in Vientiane between the two Lao companies and Petronas.
The companies will use the agreement with Petronas to seek government approval to negotiate the grant with the international finance institution.
Mr Aythong said the companies would submit the proposal to the government.
He said the proposed fuel storage and pipeline facilities would cost more than US$450 million. The fuel tank would have the capacity to store about 400,000 tonnes of fuel.
He said the Lao government would have more options for sources to purchase fuel after establishing the reserve tank in Vietnam . Laos presently imports most of its fuel from Thailand .
He said the companies were also planning to supply fuel to other countries in the region, adding that Myanmar had expressed interest in purchasing fuel from these companies.
Another company staffer said the companies would not seek government approval to gain a monopoly on fuel importation, adding that it would compete with other fuel importers by importing a cheaper product.
Domestic Trade Department Director General, Mr Santisouk Vilaychareun, said part of government policy was to construct a fuel pipeline from Vietnam in efforts to find more sources of fuel. He said the government was looking at how to implement the policy.
He said there were many other companies who had also expressed interest in getting involved in the project.
By Ekaphone Phouthonesy
(Latest Update January 23, 2008) |
http://www.vientianetimes.org.la/Fre...Free_Local.htm |
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